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Kidney Function Test (KFT)

15 May 2025 by Admin
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The Kidney Function Test (KFT) is a group of blood and urine teststhat assess how well your kidneys are working. Kidneys play a vital role in filtering waste, balancing electrolytes, and maintaining fluid balance in the body. Detecting early signs of kidney dysfunction can prevent the progression of kidney disease and related health complications.

What is a Kidney Function Test?

Kidney Function Tests include several diagnostic tests that evaluate the filtration capacity, health, and condition of the kidneys. These tests are crucial in diagnosing kidney disorders, monitoring ongoing treatment, and assessing the effects of medications or chronic conditions such as diabetes and hypertension.

Why is KFT Important?

  1. Early Detection of Kidney Disease

  2. Monitoring of Chronic Conditions (Diabetes, Hypertension)

  3. Evaluation Before/After Starting Medications

  4. Assessment in Cases of Urinary Tract Infections

  5. Checking Kidney Health in Individuals at Risk

Key Components of Kidney Function Test

1. Serum Creatinine

  • Indicates how well kidneys are removing waste.

  • Normal range: 0.6 – 1.3 mg/dL.

2. Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN)

  • Measures the amount of nitrogen in the blood from the waste product urea.

  • Normal range: 7 – 20 mg/dL.

3. Uric Acid

  • High levels may suggest kidney disease or gout.

  • Normal range: 3.4 – 7.0 mg/dL (men), 2.4 – 6.0 mg/dL (women).

4. Electrolytes (Sodium, Potassium, Chloride, Bicarbonate)

  • Helps evaluate fluid and pH balance.

5. Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR)

  • Calculates how much blood is filtered by the glomeruli each minute.

  • Normal GFR: 90 mL/min or higher.

6. Urine Protein or Albumin Test

  • Checks for protein leakage in urine.

  • May indicate early kidney damage.

7. Creatinine Clearance Test

  • Compares the creatinine level in urine to that in the blood.

How is the Test Performed?

  • Blood Sample: Taken from a vein in your arm.

  • Urine Sample: 24-hour urine collection may be required.

  • Results are typically available within 24–48 hours.

When Should You Get a KFT Done?

  • Persistent fatigue or swelling

  • Frequent urination or blood in urine

  • Known history of diabetes or high blood pressure

  • Unexplained weight loss

  • Family history of kidney disorders

  • Before major surgeries

Who Should Get Tested Regularly?

  • Diabetics

  • Hypertensive patients

  • People aged 60 and above

  • Those taking nephrotoxic medications

  • Individuals with autoimmune diseases

  • Patients with cardiovascular diseases

Benefits of KFT

  • Early diagnosis of kidney damage

  • Prevention of chronic kidney disease (CKD)

  • Guides treatment decisions

  • Helps assess drug side effects

  • Prevents complications like kidney failure

How to Prepare for the Test?

  • Fasting may be required

  • Inform your doctor about medications

  • Stay hydrated unless advised otherwise

  • Follow instructions for 24-hour urine collection (if applicable)